Certain breeds of dogs and cats, especially those with short, flattened faces (known as brachycephalic breeds), are prone to breathing difficulties due to their unique head and throat structure. Commonly affected dogs include English Bulldogs, French Bulldogs, Pugs, Pekingese, and Boston Terriers. Persian cats are also at risk.
What Is BOAS?
BOAS is a combination of anatomical issues that restrict airflow:
- Elongated Soft Palate: The soft palate extends into the airway, obstructing breathing.
- Stenotic Nares: Narrow or collapsing nostrils make it hard for pets to breathe through their nose.
- Everted Laryngeal Saccules: Tissue near the vocal cords is pulled into the windpipe, further blocking airflow.
Other complications may include a narrow windpipe, laryngeal collapse, or laryngeal paralysis.
Signs to Watch For:
Pets with this syndrome often exhibit:
- Noisy breathing, especially when inhaling
- Retching or gagging during swallowing
- Exercise intolerance, blue tongue/gums (cyanosis), or collapse after exertion or heat
- Preference for sleeping on their backs, which may ease airway obstruction Obesity can worsen these symptoms.
- Regurgitation or vomiting
Diagnosis:
Stenotic nares are easily identified during a physical exam. Definitive diagnosis of elongated soft palate and everted laryngeal saccules requires anesthesia, as visualization is difficult in awake animals. Chest x-rays may also be recommended to assess the lower airways and lungs.
Treatment Options:
Treatment is advised if abnormalities cause distress or threaten your pet’s health. Surgical procedures may include:
- Soft Palate Resection: Removing excess tissue to clear the airway
- Laryngeal Saccule Removal
- Correction of Stenotic Nares: Improves nasal airflow
Prognosis:
Young animals generally recover well, with improved breathing and activity. Older pets, especially those with advanced laryngeal changes, may have a less favorable outcome and are at higher risk.
Signs of Emergency Distress:
- Blue/purple gums, fainting, or extreme labored breathing require immediate emergency care.
Preventative Measures:
- Choose Reputable Breeders:
If you’re considering adding a brachycephalic breed to your family, choose breeders who prioritize health and have screening programs for BOAS. - Educate Yourself:
Understanding the needs and potential health issues of brachycephalic breeds helps you make informed decisions and provide the best care possible.
Environmental and Lifestyle Management:
- Keep Cool: Avoid walking during the hottest parts of the day. Use air conditioning, fans, and cooling mats.
- Weight Control: Obesity severely worsens breathing issues, so maintaining a lean, healthy weight is crucial.
- Use a Harness: Never use a collar that pulls on the neck; use a harness to remove pressure from the throat. A collar can be worn for identification purposes only.
- Limit Exercise: Avoid strenuous activity. Stop for rest if your pet is panting heavily, wheezing, or struggling.
- Manage Stress: Keep environments calm to prevent excitement-induced breathing emergencies.
- Water Safety: Do not let brachycephalic dogs swim unattended; they tire easily and are at risk of sinking.